Gender in bilateral diplomacy (main postings)

Female ambassadors sent by

Female ambassadors received by


How to read the plot line:


The plots show the percentages of female ambassadors of all ambassadors posted each year (main postings).
To see more detailed information about each year, hover over the points in the plot.
In this tool, we only present data for country-years when at least 75% of the ambassadors’ gender was identified. Otherwise, that country-year is dropped. Please note that the GenDip dataset contains more data than this tool. Very small states often have one or two ambassadors, so if data on one single ambassador is missing, the entire country-year is dropped. For that reason, many small states do not appear at all in the tool.
Please note that many countries have changed names and/or borders over the years. When a country remains geographically the same but has changed name, please use its current name. When a country has transformed geographically to such a degree that it is considered a different country, please enter all its historical names. We follow dataset conventions in making these decisions.


Find the data and publications at the GenDip official page.



Make sure to cite the GenDip dataset using:

Birgitta Niklasson and Ann E. Towns (2023). Introducing the GenDip dataset on gender and diplomatic representation. Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg.


This plot is using a color palette that is color-blind friendly. If this is not working for you or if you have any other question regarding the data, please contact us at: GenDip


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